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Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

Light Water family · Generation II / III / III+ · Commercial — dominant

Settled science

The most common reactor worldwide. Water kept under high pressure stays liquid and carries heat to a separate steam generator, keeping the turbine loop non-radioactive.

How it works — schematic
🚧 Diagram in progress
Containment Reactor vessel Core Pressurized water Steam generator Steam Turbine G ⚡ grid Condenser
Two loops keep the turbine steam clean.

Simplified schematic for orientation, not an engineering drawing — we're actively refining these for accuracy.

Key specs

Coolant
Pressurized water
Moderator
Water
Fuel
Low-enriched UO₂ (3–5% U-235)
Spectrum
Thermal
Outlet temp
~325 °C
Status
Commercial — dominant

Real-world examples

  • • Vogtle 3 & 4 (AP1000)
  • • Most US & French reactors
  • • Barakah (APR-1400)
Strengths
  • + Mature, well-understood
  • + Non-radioactive secondary loop
  • + Strong operating record
Trade-offs
  • – High-pressure systems
  • – Large containment needed
  • – Capital-intensive